![]() ![]() Nanomechanical analysis of cells from cancer patients. Human oocyte developmental potential is predicted by mechanical properties within hours after fertilization. A seminal work reporting for the first time that mechanics alone affect the behaviour of cells. Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction 8th edn (Wiley, 2007). Emerging advances that might pave the way for the next decade’s take on bioengineered tissue stiffness are also presented, and differences and similarities between tissues in health and disease are discussed, along with various techniques for characterizing tissue stiffness at various dimensions from individual cells to organs.Ĭallister, W. This Review gathers together the most important data on the stiffness of living tissues and discusses the intricacies of tissue stiffness from a materials perspective, highlighting the main challenges associated with engineering lifelike tissues and proposing a unified view of this as yet unreported topic. Nevertheless, the literature on the mechanical properties of biological tissues differs greatly in methodology, and the available data are widely dispersed. It is now established that approaches to engineer biological tissues must integrate and approximate the mechanics, both static and dynamic, of native tissues. ![]() This knowledge, combined with previously known biochemical cues, has greatly advanced the field of biomaterial development, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The past 20 years have witnessed ever-growing evidence that the mechanical properties of biological tissues, from nanoscale to macroscale dimensions, are fundamental for cellular behaviour and consequent tissue functionality. ![]()
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